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Thursday, September 3, 2020
Moral Truth Free Essays
Moral Truth What is Moral truth? In Sam Harrisââ¬â¢ book ââ¬Å"The Moral Landscapeâ⬠, he clarifies his thoughts on moral truth. He clarifies that ethical truth is so intricate in view of individual impulse, and social impact. He clarifies his thoughts of good truth through science, objective and abstract, and accord and awareness. We will compose a custom article test on Moral Truth or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now With these thoughts Harris can characterize moral truth to his best capacity, since it is such a troublesome subject to comprehend. In the part on moral truth, Harris clarifies moral truth with the utilization of science. He states in the book ââ¬Å"science can, in Principe, help us comprehend what we ought to do, and should need and, along these lines, what others ought to do and need so as to live the most ideal lives. ââ¬Å"In different words, He accepts that like science, there are good and bad responses to moral truth. He at that point clarifies that science should assist us with addressing moral inquiries. His other thought is that science depends on our best conjecture of what it is and moral truth is the equivalent. Moral truth is likewise simply our best conjecture of what is good and bad. Harris is attempting to state that ethical truth, similar to science, can have a structure where we accept is right, yet can generally change. Harris clarifies in the book that the terms ââ¬Å"objectiveâ⬠and ââ¬Å"subjectiveâ⬠are totally different. Target implies that an individual is utilizing to predisposition when they are saying something. He utilizes the case of having a ringing in his ear. This is an emotional articulation, be that as it may, is objective since he isn't lying. From this thought of the ringing in the ear, he clarifies this is a way that we can consider discouragement. We can decide cerebrum states with reference, to personââ¬â¢s abstract contemplations. At long last in the section, he investigates the thoughts of agreement and cognizance. He clarifies that logical agreement as logical contention that work should be finished. For instance, ââ¬Å"moral debate demonstrates that there can be nothing of the sort as good truth while moral agreement shows just that individuals regularly harbor the equivalent biasesâ⬠this thought is fundamentally saying that frequently individuals will think uniquely in contrast to other people and this makes inclination among individuals. Harris clarifies that reality has nothing to do with moral accord, in light of the fact that frequently one individual can be correct, while a group isn't right. Harris at that point proceeds to clarify his thoughts on cognizance. He clarifies that individuals have moral truth since they are cognizant animals. His comprehension of a cognizant being is that ââ¬Å"consciousness is just understandable space of significant worth. â⬠All taking all things together, Harris accepts that ethical truth is like science since it must be supported up by proof and regularly comprises of instructed surmises. He clarifies that objective and abstract are altogether different, be that as it may; can regularly be utilized in similar ways. At long last, agreement and awareness plot the premise of good truth, in light of the fact that without them moral truth would not exist as per Harris. He accepts that agreement implies that no one but people can have a similar inclination, and cognizance shows that lone individuals with awareness can have moral truth. The most effective method to refer to Moral Truth, Papers
Sunday, August 23, 2020
Comparing Two Poems about Prejudice Essay -- Wole Soyinka U.A. Fanthor
Contrasting Two Poems about Prejudice The sonnets Phone Conversation, by Wole Soyinka and You Will Be Got notification From Us Shortly, by U A Fanthorpe are both about partiality. The previous sonnet is to do with racial partiality and the last is to do with social partiality. The two sonnets are diverse from multiple points of view. The first sonnet is an application for settlement and the subsequent sonnet is a prospective employee meeting. Soyinka's sonnet is a Dialog inside a monolog where as Fanthorpe's sonnet is only a monolog. Additionally the tones are extraordinary the previous sonnet has a stunning tone to begin with yet a taunting tone towards the end, while the other sonnet is very discourteous. The characters in the previous sonnet are a white proprietor and a dark man and the characters in the last sonnet are a questioner and a potential interviewee the sexual orientations are obscure which helps feature the reality this can transpire. The language in the two sonnets is straightforward neither have numerous troublesome words and just Soyinka's sonnet utilizes representations and metaphors. The sonnets use inquiries for accentuation just as for ...
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Mrs Dalloway Essay Example
Mrs Dalloway Paper This article will research what degree Woolf utilized her novel Mrs Dalloway to reprimand the social framework. To do this I will be considering the year the novel was composed, and looking at the social circumstances which the peruser could have seen to be basic. Likewise, it will be imperative to recognize that a portion of the socially basic circumstances Woolf utilizes had not been experienced previously, and to reason that maybe Woolf composed Mrs Dalloway to attempt to attract open considerations to the response to occasions that the overall population, government officials and all the social classes had no clue about how to manage. Simultaneously the exposition will utilize these focuses to associate the novel and Woolf to its pioneer roots. Woolf started composing what might become Mrs Dalloway in the mid year of 1922 soon after World War 1 had finished. Open experiencing the war was all the while incurring its gigantic eventual outcomes, and Woolf needed to compose an outflow of what she felt was going on. On my underlying attacks into examining Virginia Woolf my supposition was shut, I felt she was separate. Remarking outwardly world from the wellbeing of her own knowledgeable and rich life. In any case, presently I believe I condemned too rapidly. Woolf originated from a difficult foundation, loosing her mom at a youthful age and adapting to misery at various phases of her life. She was a basic part of an earth shattering age of individuals who were attempting to shake off their Victorian roots and reach for something new, something else. Which is the thing that we currently know as the pioneer time, where every single essential truth were interrogated and life was regarding asking the where, why and who, of what they were. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mrs Dalloway explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Mrs Dalloway explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Mrs Dalloway explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer It more likely than not been a very agitating time, and society itself was all the while attempting to grapple with new expectations to absorb information concerning religion, science and Darwinism. In any case, with the occasions of The War only enduring had taken quick priority. Numerous youngsters had gone to battle, and the ladies had ventured into multi-working jobs of being parental figure, supplier, and both mother and father. In spite of the trouble put upon those abandoned, it likewise brought a female opportunity and independence. Officers coming back from fight were right off the bat confronted with the way that their spouses, moms and sisters had advanced into undeniably increasingly autonomous animals in their nonappearance, however they were likewise confronting the errands of re-socialization, fight weariness and post war pressure, these are words which we normally know and see today. Yet, this was not the situation in 1922. The Victorian pre-war years were about strong realities; religion, eminence, family and the projection that everything would come great at long last, and for Woolf shaking off these assumptions that were broadly instructed and comprehended during her youth more likely than not been befuddling. Be that as it may, to focus on Woolf from an abstract edge she was one of the new style of essayists of the innovator time, where the good old bildungsroman was thrown away. The bildungsroman books with their epic stories that spread over the life of their saint and arrived at a wonderful finish of making the best choice not, at this point fit into society. Food apportioning, war, demise and battling despite seemingly insurmountable opposition, had some way or another lifted the cover of honesty that books, for example, Great desires and Jane Eyre expounded on. Woolf was a piece of a general public that meandered why? For what reason did such huge numbers of youngsters go to kick the bucket, and for what reason was society not ready to concede that there was something frantically amiss with the war torn young fellows getting back from the field? Being a piece of the innovator age intended to make progress toward change, and to address everything, even the presence of an almighty and noble God. Be that as it may, on the off chance that there is no God, at that point what to accept? For all the ages before Woolf had trusted in the celestial right of the government to lead, and that carrying on with an only life before God permitted passage to paradise. These strong certainties were abruptly torn away, and the faith in government and political structure were to be tossed out with them. Woolf and her colleagues were making an entirely different lifestyle, of instruction, craftsmanship and science. With gratitude to writers like Woolf and the Bloomsbury gathering of which she was a section, scholarly works were written in numerous stories, and timetables were liquid. Woolf needed fiction to get at something conceptual, to utilize the unremarkable occasions of life to by one way or another make the master plan, there were no enormous and groundbreaking occasions in Mrs Dalloway, Woolf didnt utilize traditional strategies to assemble pressure and dramatization, even Septimuss possible self destruction was made light of, the plot was deliberately based around a gathering. Something that would be seen as trivial and immaterial. Woolf scanned for her composing structure, moving her story and preventing the plot from getting sequential. Her plan includes moving the characters through the avenues of London while additionally timing their developments such that will make the impression of divergent occasions happening at the same time. 1 Novels were not expected or even favored in a systematic or natural style any longer. It was not until 1934 when Ezra Pound mumbled what might be the enduring Make it new2, however no doubt this was the assessment some t ime before he declared it. Woolf consummated her now popular burrowing procedure where she assembled her characters and foundations (and afterward interlinked them where required) in Mrs Dalloway. The peruser could be pardoned for feeling that Woolf composed the book as a winding story permitting the characters to be her guide, yet Woolf struggled with each and every viewpoint. In spite of the course of events being liquid, Woolf had it arranged out carefully (as her journal appears) and each character had their influence. One of the most significant social parts of the story is the manner by which Woolf handles the character of Septimus. His story runs corresponding with Mrs Dalloway, notwithstanding the way that they never meet, just conceivably being in the recreation center simultaneously yet their ways never cross. Septimus turns into the encapsulation of the aftereffect of war. Septimus Warren Smith, matured around thirty, pale-confronted, mouth nosed, wearing earthy colored shoes and a decrepit jacket, with hazel eyes which had the appearance of dread in them which makes total outsiders fearful as well. The world had raised its whip; where will it slide? Septimus thought, and this slow attracting together of everything to one focus before his eyes, as though some loathsomeness had come nearly to the surface and was going to blast into blazes, alarmed him. It is I who am obstructing the way, he thought. Is it safe to say that he was not being taken a gander at and pointed at; would he say he was not weighted there, attached to the asphalt, for a reason? Be that as it may, for what reason? 3 On first perusing Mrs Dalloway I felt that his predicament had been trivialized, yet it was in disregarding the way that the book was composed more than eighty years back that embodies the life span of what and how Woolf composed Mrs Dalloway. The story turns out to be practically ever-enduring as a similar social deficiencies keep on raising their heads even today. It is just now with the experience of numerous Wars behind us that we are gaining from our errors of the past. Septimus was coming back from the principal significant War of our advanced time, and nobody comprehended the assaults that the gore and ghastliness would cause to the human psyche. Woolf having been a victim herself of a type of despondency utilized Septimus as a vehicle to bring issues to light, additionally figuring out how to feature the predicament of fighters coming back from fight and how the clinical calling had bombed them, as examined in the prologue to Mrs Dalloway. Septimuss case features the design wherein society anticipated that the war veteran should come back to regularity quickly, indicating little tolerance with and in any event, underestimating the individuals who couldn't right away adjust. Be that as it may, considerably more significantly, Septimuss case permits Woolf to dispatch a supported assault on the clinical network of her time. 4 Woolf utilized her novel cunningly; doubtlessly Woolf made Mrs Dalloway a mirror that she turned on society, not to mocking or pass judgment yet to address. To address how Septimus could be dealt with like a kid and that the remedy for his affliction was bed rest, and to state that tranquil would cause him to feel better, (a treatment that she herself hated) being left to rest with just the quietness of ones brain more likely than not appeared to be a type of torment. Yet, by utilizing her plan to pen a story in the theoretical, she figured out how to make such a profundity of feeling when expounding on Septimus, despite the fact that she despite everything composed without the show. Woolf expounded on families left without children and fathers as a regular occasion, and it is so natural to overlook that Woolf wasnt attempting to unlawful outrage or trivialize these occasions, however she was expounding on life, precisely as it occurred. Mrs Dalloway is a regular idea of a privileged ladies holding a gathering and worrying about its prosperity. It is additionally an ordinary thought of a lady in her mid fifties inclination her age and thinking back to her past. Woolfs virtuoso is that purchase integrating these inconsequential things she discreetly illustrates what society has become, however whether it was the achievement of her burrowing technique with her characters or her gigantic aptitude as an essayist, she despite everything figures out how to leave the peruser with a misery for Septimus, and notwithstanding Clarrisas indifference she is as yet a pitiful character herself that contacts the peruser. Clarrisa Dalloway remains the main issue to the story, regardless of the moving account and expansion of figures from her at various times. Woolf utilizes Clarrisa to dismember what a socially air conditioning
Friday, August 21, 2020
Policemen of the World Thesis and Outline Assignment - 1
Cops of the World Thesis and Outline - Assignment Example The main war was somewhere in the range of 1798 and 1800 with France. The war was actuated via land discussion in the now Dominican republic. In the twentieth century, United States of America was associated with a savage war against Cambodia and Vietnam (Collier, 1993). The latest war between 1990 to date has been to countries, for example, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya and Egypt among different nations. There have been contentions encompassing the USA contribution in the worldwide wars. The contentions inside the country are on the sacred commands that give the president capacity to attack a country without talking with the senate and the congress (Kornbluh, 2003). The congress requests for a legitimate proviso that the president should consistently look for their assessment before he execute his arrangement to assault a stressing country. Contentions have likewise emerged on the nations being assaulted by the USA troops. There were contentions in Iraq when the USA troops attacked them and removed Sadam Hussein that the nation had atomic weapons however the nation never had any weapon. The inquiry presently is the reason did USA need to assault another country on bogus cases? (Steinhauer, 2011) The US of America need to have an unmistakable examination before assaulting any country. The wars normally lead to the passings of numerous regular citizens larger part of whom are guiltless . It ought to be noticed that war doesn't bring any advantage, yet a misfortune to the life of human
Super custom essays Essay Example
Excessively custom articles Essay Example Excessively custom articles Essay Excessively custom articles Essay Numerous clients wonder what is the prevalent assistance and quality and when they hear this inquiry the appropriate response is frequently long and unsure. They list the characteristics that an organization ought to have without asking themselves what they need to get from it. Unrivaled organizations or administrations are considered as costly and inaccessible for an ordinary client such huge numbers of individuals relinquish looking and they don't confide in organizations that are not notable. Truly prevalent organizations are among us and getting top quality help is more than genuine. However, what is unrivaled quality? Those organizations who convey the rundown of guaranteed administrations giving their clients top quality treat its clients generous and meet the desires for the customer could and ought to be called predominant. Alongside various types of organizations there are some that spread their movement on the Internet and have no physical area. Paper composing administration is one of only a handful barely any organizations that a youthful client begin managing. For understudies it is difficult to get an unrivaled organization that will meet every one of his desires and wont neglect to convey the paper on schedule. There are several organizations that gave their client negative understanding and numerous understudies know about requesting custom expositions once more. In any case, understudies ought not stress a lot over it as there are numerous solid organizations hanging tight for new clients and they should simply pick astutely. There is a rundown of obligations that an organization ought to follow to convey prevalent custom expositions and understudies should give a lot of consideration on it. Heres what to search for when requesting too custom expositions: above all else, guarantee that they are finished by essayists who have an incredible notoriety. In the event that you are new to this industry, you may not out-properly decide if a custom articles supplier recruits legitimate scholars. In any case, this ought not be troublesome. Feel free to put orders for not many research projects or research papers and see what occurs. These requests must not be genuine they can also be extremely short fakers that won't cost you much. The motivation behind why it is proposed to submit a test request is on the grounds that surveys and assessments of others might be one-sided. The feelings may originate from contenders who are resolved to exceed their opponents. Numerous organizations utilize out of line approach and attempt to control the market by leaving the bomb tributes and this is one reason why clients are so baffled. They leave negative tributes to a decent organization to pull in new clients to their own organization and making a test request is a decent check. While requesting your custom expositions, you may likewise need to consider the capability of your favored companys scholars. Do these journalists beat cutoff times? Do they change your directions to suit their own needs? Do they group your papers likewise? In the event that the response to every one of these inquiries is correct, at that point check yourself fortunate. Not all custom exposition specialist co-ops satisfy every one of these necessities, thus on the off chance that you are fortunate to discover one that can suit the whole set, the best activity is to remain with it. You are fortunate to peruse it as our organization enlists just top experts which we are pleased with and they complete each request perfectly demonstrating the predominant quality conveyance and expanding the notoriety of the organization. At our organization every one of your requests and desires will be met and you can desert your stresses being certain over our assurances. Validness is another significant factor that at last decides if your custom papers, inquire about papers or research papers are of a prevalent quality. A counterfeited paper can prompt suspension or excusal from school. All things considered, guarantee that your research papers, custom expositions, or research papers are composed by qualified authors. These journalists must be able to compose research or custom papers without any preparation. In the event that they happen to acquire words, musings, or feelings from different creators, they should recognize all that they get fittingly. Our organization is a decent special case and we furnish our client with a genuineness check and dissimilar to different organizations we convey it completely free without charging extra finances like different organizations do. We think about it as a compulsory assistance to safeguard the predominant nature of our custom expositions. As a customer, you never bargain on the nature of your requests.
Monday, July 6, 2020
VSED in Alzheimers Patients - Free Essay Example
Healthcare today has centered its focus on individuals having increased autonomy, especially with medical judgments. Autonomy is a fundamental principle giving individuals the liberty to determine their own actions based on the plan individuals choose for themselves. What happens, however, when one loses their ability to think or speak for themselves because their disease state has progressed so far? What happens when an Alzheimers patient considers voluntary stopping eating and drinking, or VSED, or if their family is making the decision for them as a surrogate? It becomes a moral conflict to provide a way, like VSED, to increase quality of life by ending it prematurely, to end their suffering. These decisions are made daily and, like death, are inevitable. We make decisions for ourselves on a daily basis. Many healthcare professionals, especially those who work in long-term care facilities, face the ethical dilemma to feed or not to feed those who are suffering from Alzheimers and dementia. Many questions revolve around what would the loved one want? Will you continue to feed because it will enhance their quality of life? What if stopping feeding will increase their quality of life? Most people, including the patient, the patients family and interdisciplinary team, want to preserve the patients autonomy and control. Facilitating VSED honors the request of autonomy if that is what the patient has chosen. Another benefit of VSED include increasing the familys comfort knowing that it was not their decision to end their loved ones life in this way. Family members experience great amounts of stress when decisions need to be made at the end of life, especially when the decisions are placed in their hands. It also gives family time to cope and have anticipatory grieving. They often wonder if they are doing the right thing and if that is what their loved one would have wanted. Nonmaleficence and beneficence: to do good and to do no harm. Beneficence involves healthcare providers treating patients utilizing ways to provide them with the maximum benefit possible while doing no harm (whether intentionally or unintentionally), or nonmaleficence. In a situation like VSED in Alzheimers patients, healthcare professionals must keep their beliefs and values masked about the situation and continue to provide care, as well as follow the patients wishes. The other side of the argument are the cons of VSED. Some view VSED as a form of suicide due to the definition of suicideâ⬠the act of taking ones life voluntarily and intentionally (citation). Many consider VSED as an act of suicide by omission. Some consider VSED a form of physician-assisted suicide (citation). Stated by Jack Kevorkian, As a medical doctor, it is my duty to evaluate the situation with as much data as I can gather and as much expertise as I have and as much experience as I have to determine whether or not the wish of the patient is medically justified. Dehydration and starvation are thought of as forms of neglect, but neglect can also mean not listening to what the patient or their family wants (citation). In many cases, the Durable Power of Attorney can modify the patients decision to stop eating or drinking if they feel like the patient would experience an increase in suffering, pain, and anxiety nearing their death. Others feel as if VSED is neglecting the human body, and that it is not allowing the body to succumb to death upon its own. Is it ethically justifiable for a surrogate to make the decision to refuse food and drinks on a patients behalf? If an individual with Alzheimers loses their capacity, they must rely on their legal surrogate decision maker to either continue or discontinue life-sustaining treatment, like VSED, when the opportunity arises. The patients wishes must be communicated to everyone involved in the decision-making process and care provided to the patient. This decision, however, can affect negatively on the family and the final decision can be a very controversial topic to family members. Keeping the patient alive for sake of family can be looked upon as a pro and a con. If the family chooses not to follow the patients wishes of VSED, family members may continue to grieve or prolong their grieving process.
Thursday, June 11, 2020
The Autobiographical Truth in Long Days Journey Into Night - Literature Essay Samples
Aspiring writers are often told, ââ¬Å"Write what you know.â⬠Writers are thus encouraged to draw on their personal experiences to craft their narratives. Experienced authors often choose to create semi-autobiographical works, which contain a blend of some elements of their real lives and some of their own fictional creation. Irish-American playwright Eugene Oââ¬â¢Neill is one such author who drew largely from personal experience to create his plays. Long Dayââ¬â¢s Journey into Night is widely considered to be his finest literary achievement and also his most personal play. This drama has many autobiographical elements but with some important fictional characteristics. An understanding of how Oââ¬â¢Neill draws on personal elements in the creation of this text can deepen our appreciation of this powerful work. Long Dayââ¬â¢s Journey into Night is a truly unique play in the way that it differs from most semi-autobiographical works. Many works in this genre are initially based on life events, but then the author chooses to veer the work in another direction. Oââ¬â¢Neill, however, remains largely true to the events of his life. As Oââ¬â¢Neill scholar Michael Hinden explains, Oââ¬â¢Neill had ââ¬Å"no need to fabricate family incidents for his plotâ⬠and actually ââ¬Å"pruned additional family troubles from the finished playâ⬠(94). In fact, compressing the events into a twenty-four hour period is arguably the most fictional part of the production. As Hinden writes, ââ¬Å"The play fixes a moment of time shared equally by its protagonists, reaches into the past to illuminate that moment, and presents it without editorial commentâ⬠(93). We can pin down some facts about the Oââ¬â¢Neillsââ¬â¢ lives in the moment, but we as the audience are left to speculate abou t the remainder of the charactersââ¬â¢ lives. When examining the Oââ¬â¢Neillsââ¬â¢ lives, we must remember that several events and details were intentionally left out of the production. With an acknowledgment of the unusual nature of Oââ¬â¢Neillââ¬â¢s writing, we can begin to examine the autobiographical elements in the play. The four central characters in the play are based on Oââ¬â¢Neillââ¬â¢s immediate family. First, James Tyrone is based on Eugeneââ¬â¢s father, James Oââ¬â¢Neill (1846-1920). Like his character in the play, James was an actor best known for the role of Edmond Dantes in The Count of Monte Cristo. Despite this being his most successful role, it also became the ââ¬Å"fatal turning point in his careerâ⬠(Hinden 104). He was typecast and could not find another role after it. The Oââ¬â¢Neills spent much of their life traveling and living out of hotels due to Jamesââ¬â¢s acting career. Eugene believed that this led to his motherââ¬â¢s morphine addiction (104). While Eugeneââ¬â¢s portrayal of his fatherââ¬â¢s career appears accurate, Jamesââ¬â¢s personal traits in the production may have been biased, particularly in regards to Jamesââ¬â¢s handling of money. Hinden argues: ââ¬Å"Friends who remembered James Oââ¬â¢Neill protested that his presentation a s a miser in the play was inaccurate. They recalled the actor as an open and generous man who always was happy to provide a handoutâ⬠(101). Eugene portrays his family from his own personal lens, which is subject to bias. His characters thus closely resemble but do not completely reflect the members of his family. Mary Tyrone is based on Eugeneââ¬â¢s mother, Mary Ellen (ââ¬Å"Ellaâ⬠) Quinlan Oââ¬â¢Neill (1857-1922). Like her character in the play, Ella met her future husband backstage at one of his New York performances. The two were married on June 14, 1887, and their first son James Jr. (Jamie) was born a year later. Five years later their son Edmund was born. He quickly died, however, after contracting measles from his older brother. Ella lived in conflict between blaming herself and blaming Jamie for the babyââ¬â¢s death (Hinden 98). Eugene chose to exchange his name in the play with his brotherââ¬â¢s. His character is named Edmund Tyrone in the play, and the dead brother is referred to as Eugene. Some scholars speculate that Eugene made this choice to emphasize how he felt living in the shadow of a ââ¬Å"ghost childâ⬠(101). Some believe that the play suggests Eugeneââ¬â¢s birth indirectly led to his motherââ¬â¢s drug addiction (98). A doctor prescribed her m orphine after a painful and traumatic childbirth. However, ââ¬Å"whether the doctor who introduced her to morphine was a cheap hotel quack, as Mary charges in the play, or a respectable practitioner, cannot be ascertainedâ⬠(99). Her drug addiction spanned many years and deeply troubled the Oââ¬â¢Neill family. Her addiction is central to the plot of the play. Her unusual behavior in the play, such as wearing her wedding dress, is also true. However, what is left out of the play is Ellaââ¬â¢s surprising recovery. In 1914 she retired to a convent and found the strength to give up morphine (99). In the play Eugene chose to focus on her earlier life which was still ravaged by addiction. Jamie Tyrone in the play is based on Eugeneââ¬â¢s older brother James Oââ¬â¢Neill, Jr. (1878-1923). Scholars claim that Jamieââ¬â¢s character is the most lifelike in the production (Hinden 100). As Hinden writes, ââ¬Å"The measles episode, school expulsions, bitterness, drinking, whoring, and the train ride are the legacy of James Oââ¬â¢Neill, Jr.â⬠(100). In real life, Jamie was a troubled soul who could not find a healthy way to cope with his problems. He cared deeply for his younger brother, but he was always afraid his troubles would bring his brother down (101). In the play and in life, he was addicted to alcohol for almost all his life. In fact, after his motherââ¬â¢s death in 1922, he ââ¬Å"never had another sober dayâ⬠(99). His drinking eventually became so terrible that Eugene had to distance himself from his brother in real life (101). Jamie actually tells his brother to keep his distance in the play. His character warns, ââ¬Å"At the first good chance I get, Iââ¬â¢ll stab you in the backâ⬠(Oââ¬â¢Neill 821). As is predicted in the play, Jamie slowly drank himself to death and died at age forty-five. Edmund Tyrone is Oââ¬â¢Neillââ¬â¢s self-portrait, and as Hinden describes is ââ¬Å"somewhat disingenuousâ⬠(104). Oââ¬â¢Neill looks back on his younger self from a place of experience. Many details of his own life are intentionally left out. Hinden argues, ââ¬Å"Edmundââ¬â¢s inexperience in the play is crucial: through his passivity the familyââ¬â¢s aggression comes sharply into focusâ⬠(105). Edmund in the play is a sensitive person but with a dark edge, friends of the true Oââ¬â¢Neill seem to agree that he had a sensitive but dark personality (105). What is left out of the play is his failed marriage to Kathleen Jenkins and his strained relationship with his son Eugene Oââ¬â¢Neill, Jr. His character would have already experienced his marriage and the birth of his son by the time the play took place. As was his character, Oââ¬â¢Neill was diagnosed with tuberculosis and was sent to a sanatorium in 1912. It appears as though his character may die in the play, but the real Oââ¬â¢Neill did recover within a year. His time dealing with illness actually inspired him to pursue a career in writing (Clark 24). Though he received success as a writer, he lived to see a grim life. He could not escape the influence of his older brother and became a chronic alcoholic. Oââ¬â¢Neill experienced multiple failed marriages, the suicide of his eldest son, and a Parkinsons-like tremor which kept him sick for many years. He died of pneumonia in 1953, and his last words were, ââ¬Å"Born in a hotel room and God damn it died in a hotel roomâ⬠(qtd in Hinden 106). His character Edmund is a version of Oââ¬â¢Neill isolated in time, written by an experienced Oââ¬â¢Neill looking backward. He intentionally removes his character from the tarnish of his own experience. Long Dayââ¬â¢s Journey into Night was birthed out of Oââ¬â¢Neillââ¬â¢s experience in a broken family that was ravaged by pain and addiction. His portrait of his family is grim, but the Oââ¬â¢Neill family did not experience only darkness. Hinden explains: Each of the four Oââ¬â¢Neills lived to see a wish fulfilled. James watched his son develop into the fine artist he might have been, Ella conquered her addiction, and for a few years Jamie finally had his mother all to himself. As for Oââ¬â¢Neill, his third marriage was a fulfilling one despite its stormy quarrels. (107) It is important to acknowledge that, despite what the play suggests, not every moment of the Oââ¬â¢Neillsââ¬â¢ lives was depressing. They experienced their own moments of love and of triumph. Oââ¬â¢Neillââ¬â¢s semi-autobiographical work may be a criticism of his family and the pain they inflicted upon him, but it is also his way of remembering his family and paying tribute to them. A better understanding of Oââ¬â¢Neillââ¬â¢s life helps us see the way the work actually honors his family. The characters in the production as well as the members of Oââ¬â¢Neillââ¬â¢s family are broken and beautiful, and because of the success of Oââ¬â¢Neillââ¬â¢s work, they will always be remembered. Works Cited Clark, Barrett H. Eugene ONeill: The Man and his Plays. Stratford Press, 1947. Hinden, Michael. Long Dayââ¬â¢s Journey into Night: Native Eloquence. Twayne Publishers, 1990. Oââ¬â¢Neill, Eugene. Complete Plays 1932-1942. Literary Classics of the United States, 1988.
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